Linux Operating System - Flexibility and power for your computer

02 Oct

Network services (DNS, DHCP, FTP, SSH) – Networking and Security – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

In Linux, network services play a crucial role in providing various network functionalities, such as DNS resolution, IP address assignment, file transfer, and remote access. Here are some commonly used network services in the Linux operating system: DNS (Domain Name System):DNS is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses. It allows users to access websites and other network resources using human-readable names. In Linux, the following tools and services are commonly used for DNS:a. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain): BIND is the most widely used DNS server software in Linux. It provides DNS name resolution services for local networks…

02 Oct

Network configuration and troubleshooting – Networking and Security – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

Network configuration and troubleshooting are important tasks in Linux system administration to ensure proper network connectivity and resolve network-related issues. Here are some key concepts and tools for network configuration and troubleshooting in the Linux operating system: Network Configuration Files:a. /etc/network/interfaces: This file is used in Debian-based systems (e.g., Ubuntu) to configure network interfaces, including IP addresses, netmasks, gateways, and DNS servers.b. /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*: This file is used in Red Hat-based systems (e.g., Fedora, CentOS) to configure network interfaces. Each interface has its own file, such as ifcfg-eth0 or ifcfg-enp0s3, containing configuration settings.c. /etc/netplan/*.yaml: Ubuntu 18.04 and later versions use Netplan…

01 Oct

Software package management (package installation, updates) – System Administration – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

Software package management is an essential task in Linux system administration, as it involves installing, updating, and managing software packages on the system. Linux distributions typically provide package management systems that simplify the process of installing, upgrading, and removing software packages. Here are the key concepts and tools for software package management in Linux: Package Management Systems: APT (Advanced Package Tool): Used by Debian-based distributions like Ubuntu. APT uses package repositories to manage software packages and their dependencies. DNF (Dandified Yum): Used by Fedora and Red Hat-based distributions. DNF is a successor to the Yum package manager. Pacman: Used by…

01 Oct

Managing system services and daemons – System Administration – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

Managing system services and daemons is a crucial aspect of system administration in the Linux operating system. Services and daemons are background processes that provide specific functionality or perform tasks on the system. Here are some common tasks and tools for managing system services and daemons in Linux: Service Management Tools: systemd: systemd is the default init system in many modern Linux distributions. It provides a suite of commands for managing services, including: systemctl: Used to start, stop, restart, enable, disable, and check the status of services. journalctl: Used to view and analyze system logs generated by services. sysvinit: Some…

01 Oct

System startup and shutdown procedures – System Administration – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

System startup and shutdown procedures in Linux involve a series of steps that are executed to initialize the system during boot-up and gracefully shut it down. These procedures are managed by various components, including the boot loader, init system, and system services. Here's an overview of the typical system startup and shutdown procedures in Linux: System Startup:a. Power-On and Boot Loader:When the system is powered on, the boot loader (such as GRUB or LILO) is executed, which resides in the Master Boot Record (MBR) or EFI System Partition (ESP).The boot loader loads the Linux kernel and optional initial RAM disk…

01 Oct

Managing system resources – Process Management – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

Managing system resources is a critical aspect of process management in the Linux operating system. Efficient resource management helps optimize system performance, ensure fair allocation of resources, and prevent resource contention. Here are some key considerations for managing system resources in Linux: CPU Resources: Process Scheduling: Linux uses scheduling algorithms to allocate CPU time to processes. The default Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) ensures fair distribution of CPU resources. Process Priorities: Adjusting process priorities using the "nice" command or "renice" command allows you to control the order in which processes receive CPU time. CPU Affinity: By setting CPU affinities using tools…

01 Oct

Process scheduling and priorities – Process Management – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

In Linux, process scheduling and priorities determine the order and allocation of CPU time to running processes. The scheduler is responsible for making these decisions based on various factors. Understanding process scheduling and priorities is crucial for optimizing system performance and resource utilization. Here's an overview of process scheduling and priorities in Linux: Process Scheduling: Linux uses a preemptive scheduling algorithm called the Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) by default. CFS aims to provide fair CPU time allocation to processes based on their priorities and resource requirements. The scheduler assigns a time slice called the "quantum" to each process, allowing it…

01 Oct

Process monitoring and control – Process Management – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

Process monitoring and control are essential tasks in Linux for managing system resources, troubleshooting issues, and optimizing performance. Linux provides several tools and commands to monitor and control processes. Here's an overview of process monitoring and control in Linux: Monitoring Processes: ps: The ps command is used to list currently running processes. It provides information such as the process ID (PID), parent process ID (PPID), CPU and memory usage, and more. Example: ps aux top: The top command provides real-time monitoring of processes and system resource usage. It displays a dynamic view of processes sorted by resource consumption. Example: top htop: Similar to top, htop is an interactive process…

01 Oct

Understanding Linux processes – Process Management – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

In Linux, a process is a running instance of a program or command. It represents the execution of a specific task or set of instructions. Understanding Linux processes and their management is essential for system administrators and users. Here's an overview of Linux processes: Process ID (PID): Each process is assigned a unique identification number called the Process ID (PID). The PID helps in identifying and managing individual processes. Process States: Linux processes can be in various states, including: Running: The process is actively executing. Sleeping: The process is waiting for an event or resource. Stopped: The process has been…

01 Oct

User and group permissions – User and Group Administration – Linux operating system

John0 CommentsTECHNOLOGYLinux, Technology

User and group permissions play a vital role in controlling access to files, directories, and system resources in Linux. By assigning appropriate permissions to users and groups, you can ensure that only authorized users can read, write, or execute specific files or perform certain operations. Here's an overview of user and group permissions in Linux: Permission Types: There are three types of permissions: read (r), write (w), and execute (x). Read permission (r) allows viewing the contents of a file or directory. Write permission (w) allows modifying or deleting a file or directory. Execute permission (x) allows executing a file…