What is thyroid disease?

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Overview of thyroid tumors

Thyroid adenoma, also known as thyroid cancer, is a type of cancer that develops from cells in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small cone-shaped organ located in the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play an important role in regulating metabolic rate and activity. body movements.

Thyroid tumors are often divided into two main types:

1. Epithelial thyroid tumor: This is the most common type of thyroid tumor and is benign in nature. Thyroid epithelioma produces uneven growth of the thyroid gland, causing various tumors such as thyroid cysts and thyroid polycystic cysts.
2. Malignant thyroid tumor: This is a type of thyroid tumor that is malignant and has the ability to invade surrounding tissues and organs. Malignant thyroid tumors include papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and medullary thyroid cancer.

Symptoms of thyroid nodules may include enlargement of the thyroid gland, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, voice changes, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and symptoms related to increased thyroid activity. Thyroid.

To diagnose and treat thyroid cancer, it is necessary to consult an oncologist or thyroid specialist for detailed examination and testing. Treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, thyroid hormone treatment, chemotherapy, and close monitoring.

Causes of thyroid tumors

The exact cause of thyroid nodules is unknown, but several factors are linked to the development of thyroid nodules. Here are some factors that may play a role in thyroid nodules:

1. Genetic factors: Some cases of thyroid tumors may have genetic factors. When a family member has thyroid tumors, the risk of getting the disease will increase. However, genetics have not been clearly determined.
2. Thyroid Effects : Dysfunctions or abnormalities in the thyroid gland can contribute to the development of thyroid tumors. For example, Basedow’s disease (a type of autoimmune thyroid disease) and chronic thyroiditis can increase the risk of thyroid tumors.
3. Effects of X-rays and radiation : Exposure to X-rays and radiation may increase the risk of thyroid tumors. If you have been exposed to X-rays in the past or had X-ray treatments to the neck or head area, you may be at higher risk.
4. Environmental factors: Certain environmental factors such as the presence of pollutants (such as asbestos), pesticides and certain chemicals can increase the risk of thyroid tumors.
5. Female factors: Women have a higher risk of developing thyroid tumors than men. In addition, hormonal changes during pregnancy and postmenopause can also affect the development of thyroid tumors.

However, it should be noted that not all cases of thyroid tumors have a clear cause. Some cases cannot be linked to any known factors.

Signs of thyroid tumor

Thyroid tumors may not cause obvious symptoms in the early stages. However, as a thyroid tumor develops, the following signs and symptoms may appear:

1. Enlargement of the thyroid gland: One of the most noticeable signs of a thyroid tumor is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. The neck becomes distended due to the increase in size of the thyroid gland and there may be a feeling of pressure or discomfort.
2. Voice changes: Thyroid tumors can cause changes in voice. The voice may become hoarse or softer due to the tumor’s influence on the vocal cords.
3. Difficulty breathing and swallowing: Large thyroid tumors can compress surrounding muscles and structures, causing difficulty breathing or difficulty swallowing food or water.
4. Pain and discomfort : Thyroid tumors can cause pain or discomfort in the neck area and around the thyroid gland.
5. Unexplained weight gain or weight loss : Some people may experience weight gain despite eating less, while others may experience weight loss with no apparent cause.
6. Fatigue and poor health : Thyroid tumors can cause symptoms of fatigue, decreased energy and feelings of weakness.
7. Psychological disorders: Some people may experience psychological disorders such as anxiety, stress, irritability and difficulty concentrating.

If you have any of the above signs or symptoms, you should consult your doctor for an accurate examination and diagnosis. Only a doctor can make an assessment and determine whether a thyroid tumor is present or not.

Good foods for thyroid tumors

Nutrition is an important factor in the management of thyroid cancer. Below are some foods that are beneficial for people with thyroid tumors:

1. Foods rich in iodine : Iodine is an important component of thyroid hormones. Food sources rich in iodine include marine fish, seaweed (such as seaweed), salmon, shrimp, scallops and marine dairy products.
2. Foods rich in selenium : Selenium is an antioxidant and plays an important role in thyroid function. You can increase your selenium intake by eating sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, salmon, tuna, chicken and eggs.
3. Green vegetables and fresh fruits: Green vegetables and fresh fruits are rich in antioxidants and fiber, and may help support thyroid function. Eat lots of green vegetables like mustard greens, cabbage, spinach, kale, spinach, carrots, mushrooms, and fruits like pineapple, kiwi, oranges, tangerines, and pineapples.
4. Foods rich in fiber: Fiber can help improve digestive function and control weight. Include in your diet fiber-rich sources such as whole wheat, unsweetened mixed cereals, quinoa, chia seeds, beans and nuts such as flaxseeds, cashews and almonds.
5. Calcium-rich foods : Some people with thyroid nodules may have problems absorbing calcium. Include in your diet sources of calcium such as milk and non-fat dairy products, nut milks, soy milk, corn milk, salmon, sardine and leafy green vegetables such as canola and spinach.
6. Quality protein sources : Make sure you get enough quality protein sources from foods like lean poultry, fish, beans, nuts, eggs, and fat-free dairy products.

Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, reducing stress, and maintaining a healthy weight can also assist in managing thyroid nodules. However, always consult your doctor or nutritionist for specific advice on the right diet for your health condition.

Foods to avoid for thyroid tumors

When you have thyroid nodules, there are certain foods that should be limited or avoided to reduce negative effects on the thyroid and aid in disease management. Here are some foods to avoid:

1. Iodine-rich foods : In cases where thyroid tumors are not related to iodine deficiency, consuming too much iodine can make your condition worse. Limit consumption of food sources rich in iodine such as marine fish, seaweed, sea moss and sea salt.
2. Foods containing gluten : Some people with thyroid nodules also have celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. In this case, avoid consuming food sources containing gluten such as wheat, barley, young rice and products from these grains.
3. Sources of cruciferous (cruciferous) family : Some research shows that consuming too much cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, kale, collard greens, mustard greens and spinach may affect thyroid function. However, cooking or tempering cruciferous salt can reduce the effects of compounds that affect the thyroid gland.
4. Foods containing goitrogens: Goitrogen is a natural substance that can affect thyroid function. Avoid consuming too much goitrogens such as flaxseed, corn, beans, peas, kidney beans, green beans, canola, canola and broccoli.
5. Foods containing caffeine: Caffeine can disrupt sleep and increase stress, which can affect thyroid function. Limit consumption of sources of caffeine such as coffee, tea, carbonated soft drinks and other drinks containing caffeine.
6. Foods containing sweets and starches: Foods containing sugars and simple carbohydrates can cause blood sugar fluctuations and affect hormone balance. Limit consumption of sweets, cakes, white bread, white flour and foods containing simple carbohydrates and sugars.

Additionally, each person may have unique reactions to foods, so if you suspect that a particular food may be affecting your condition, take note and discuss it with your doctor. or a nutritionist for specific advice.

Medicines to treat thyroid tumors

Thyroid tumors are often treated using medications. Below are some common medications used in the treatment of thyroid tumors:

1. Thyroid hormone (Levothyroxine) : This is a medication used to correct thyroid hormone deficiency. Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that is equivalent to the body’s natural regenerative hormone. This medication helps enhance thyroid function and correct symptoms related to thyroid hormone deficiency.
2. Antithyroid drugs: These drugs are used to treat autoimmune thyroid nodules, in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and overproduces hormones. Anti-autoimmune thyroid medications include Methimazole and Propylthiouracil. They work by blocking the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.
3. Iodine radioacti (Radioactive iodine) : This is a drug used in cases of overactive thyroid tumors. Radioactive iodine is taken orally or injected into the body and it destroys overactive thyroid cells. This leads to decreased thyroid hormone production and reduces the size of the thyroid nodule.
4. Thyroidectomy: In some severe cases, thyroid surgery may be performed to remove or reduce the size of a thyroid nodule. This especially applies to cases of thyroid tumors that are malignant or unresponsive to other treatments.

Which medication to use depends on the patient’s specific condition, thyroid tumor size, symptoms and other personal factors. Decisions about medication and dosage should be made by a thyroid specialist or endocrinologist.

Oriental medicine and herbal medicine to treat thyroid tumors

In oriental and herbal medicine, there are a number of medicinal plants that are believed to have supportive effects in the treatment of thyroid tumors. However, it is very important to understand that there is not enough scientific evidence to confirm the effectiveness and safety of these oriental medicines in the treatment of thyroid tumors. The use of oriental and herbal medicines should be done under the supervision of a doctor or experienced health professional. Below are some medicinal plants used in oriental medicine:

1. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica): Gotu kola is said to have the ability to support thyroid function and reduce symptoms of thyroid tumors.
2. Laksa leaves (Polygonum multiflorum): Laksa leaves are used in oriental medicine to support thyroid function and reduce symptoms of thyroid tumors.
3. Ginseng (Panax ginseng): Ginseng is said to nourish the kidneys, the mind and strengthen the immune system. It can be used as part of an overall treatment in cases of thyroid adenoma.
4. Green tea (Camellia sinensis): Green tea is known for its antioxidant effects and supports thyroid function. It can be used as a daily beverage to support general health.
5. Black beans (Vigna mungo): Black beans are used in oriental medicine to support thyroid function and reduce symptoms of thyroid tumors.
6. Coptis chinensis root: Coptis chinensis root is used in oriental medicine to reduce inflammation and support thyroid function.

Note that oriental and herbal medicines can interact with oriental and western medicines and may cause side effects. Therefore, before using any oriental medicine, you should discuss it with your doctor or experienced medical professional to ensure its safety and effectiveness in treating thyroid tumors.